Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能

一、简介
二、环境准备

1.基础环境

三、安装Mysql主从配置

1.部署信息
2.主节点配置文件
3.创建mysql容器
4.开启主从复制
5、安装Mycat

四、Mycat分库分表实践测试

1.master节点手动创建数据库
2.开启mycat
2.放行mycat通信端口
3. mycat连接

总结

一、简介
本文使用docker实现mysql主从配置，读写分离、分库分表等功能。

二、环境准备
1.基础环境java
java version "1.8.0_111"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)docker
Client: Version: 18.03.0-ce API version: 1.37 Go version: go1.9.4 Git commit: 0520e24 Built: Wed Mar 21 23:09:15 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Orchestrator: swarmServer: Engine: Version: 18.03.0-ce API version: 1.37 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.9.4 Git commit: 0520e24 Built: Wed Mar 21 23:13:03 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false
三、安装Mysql主从配置
1.部署信息节点名称数据名称节点IP端口mastermarster192.168.92.503306slaveslave192.168.92.513307mycatmycat192.168.92.508066/9066
2.主节点配置文件
创建mysql主节点配置文件
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mastermkdir conf data创建主节点配置文件docker.cnf
[mysqld]server-id=1log-bin=master-bin #只是读写,就只要主库配置即可.如果要做主从切换，那么主库和从库都需要开启.skip-host-cacheskip-name-resolvecollation-server = utf8_unicode_ciinit-connect='SET NAMES utf8'character-set-server = utf8[mysql] default-character-set=utf8[client] default-character-set=utf8创建从节点配置文件 docker.conf
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slavemkdir conf data[mysqld]server-id=2log-bin=master-bin skip-host-cacheskip-name-resolvecollation-server = utf8_unicode_ciinit-connect='SET NAMES utf8'character-set-server = utf8[mysql] default-character-set=utf8[client] default-character-set=utf8
3.创建mysql容器
此处使用mariadb最新稳定镜像创建容器
创建主节点myslq
docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci创建从节点mysql
docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
4.开启主从复制step 1 进入主节点
docker exec -it master /bin/bashmysql -uroot -pstep 2 创建用户
create user 'backUser'@'%' identified by 'root';grant replication slave on *.* to 'backUser'@'%';flush privileges;show master status;MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File| Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| master-bin.000003 |787 |||+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.000 sec)step 3 进入从节点创建用户开启同步
docker exec -it slave /bin/bashmysql -uroot -prootchange master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backUser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;开启主从复制：
start slave;

从节点设置日志和文件名要跟主节点信息对应，包括日志记录起始位置position

检查主从复制是否OK
show slave status \G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.92.50Master_User: backUserMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005Read_Master_Log_Pos: 343Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 556Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: YesSlave出现2个YES,代表主从复制设置成功。

5、安装Mycat
下载mycat在50节点实现安装
tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gzmv mycat/ /usr/local/修改mycat目录下 conf的server.xml 文件，指定用户名和密码
01 000 false 0 0 164k1k0384mfalsefalsetrue123456test 上述配置，指定以root为用户名，密码为123456，访问虚拟逻辑数据库test 。
配置rule规则
修改mycat conf 文件夹下的schema.xml 配置数据库对应规则
select user() 上述配置scheam name 对应server配置文件的虚拟数据库，指定了2个表信息，tb_user 表主键实现自增长，有4个数据库节点，使用userrule表规则。
dataNode 指定了真实对应的物理数据库节点，对应dataHost说明了读写指定的用户和节点信息。
配置表分片规则文件rule.xml
idfunc1 idjump-consistent-hash 02160 partition-hash-int.txt autopartition-long.txt 3 8128 24 yyyy-MM-dd2015-01-01 partition-range-mod.txt 3 上述文件重点关注第一个tableRule、rule指定了分片规则在哪个表字段，algorithm指定了分片的算法，其中func1 与文件后面function名称为func1对应，此处使用了PartitionByLong分片算法。
conf下增加sequence_conf.properties文件，其内容如下：
TB_USER.HISIDS=TB_USER.MINID=1TB_USER.MAXID=20000TB_USER.CURID=1主要申明了主键增长的策略。

四、Mycat分库分表实践测试
1.master节点手动创建数据库
master节点手动创建4个数据库db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作从节点)
此时打开slave节点，会观察到slave也会自动创建4个数据库。

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2.开启mycat
使用命令 ./mycat start 开启mycat

./mycat start 启动
./mycat stop 停止
./mycat console 前台运行
./mycat restart 重启服务
./mycat pause 暂停
./mycat status 查看启动状态

如果启动失败，请查看 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日志文件信息。
FATAL | wrapper | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | ERROR: Could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: No such file or directory如果遇到上述错误，请在mycat 目录创建logs 文件夹，重新启动即可。
[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat statusMycat-server is running (5065).上述消息则表示mycat启动成功。

2.放行mycat通信端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reload使用docker镜像开启mycat容器实例
docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d longhronshens/mycat-docker 或者关闭防火墙。

3. mycat连接
使用navicate连接mycat，端口8066(9066为管理端口)

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使用命令连接mycat
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P8066 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 12Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> 管理端命令：
mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P9066 查看虚拟逻辑库：
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;+----------+| DATABASE |+----------+| test|+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> 使用逻辑库创建表：
MySQL [(none)]> use test;CREATE TABLE `tb_user` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名', `password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码，加密存储', `phone` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册手机号', `email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册邮箱', `created` datetime(0) NOT NULL, `updated` datetime(0) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE, UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE, UNIQUE INDEX `phone`(`phone`) USING BTREE, UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 54 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '用户表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;可以看到mycat,mysql主从都创建了该表

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在创建一张表：
CREATE TABLE `tb_category` ( `id` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL, `name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名字', `sort_order` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '排列序号，表示同级类目的展现次序，如数值相等则按名称次序排列。取值范围:大于零的整数', `created` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `updated` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE, INDEX `updated`(`updated`) USING BTREE) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;插入一条数据：
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');为测试分库效果，我们插入不同ID的数据来观察一下：
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', 'aa@01.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', 'aa@02.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', 'aa@05.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');可以看到数据分别分布在db1/db2/db3/db4,分布的规则取决于插入数据的主键在rule.xml 设置的分片规则约束。
查看mycat节点健康状态，在主节点输入如下命令：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P9066 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 16Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (monitor)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> show @@heartbeat;+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+| NAME| TYPE | HOST| PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME| STOP |+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+| hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |1 |0 | idle|30000 | 1,9,6| 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false || hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |1 |0 | idle|30000 | 1,9,67381| 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+2 rows in set (0.36 sec)上述 RS_CODE 1代表节点正常，-1代表节点异常。
查询mycat所有命令：
MySQL [(none)]> show @@help;+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+| STATEMENT| DESCRIPTION|+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+| show @@time.current| Report current timestamp|| show @@time.startup| Report startup timestamp|| show @@version| Report Mycat Server version || show @@server| Report server status|| show @@threadpool | Report threadPool status|| show @@database| Report databases|| show @@datanode| Report dataNodes|| show @@datanode where schema = ? | Report dataNodes|| show @@datasource | Report dataSources|| show @@datasource where dataNode = ?| Report dataSources|| show @@datasource.synstatus| Report datasource data synchronous|| show @@datasource.syndetail where name=?| Report datasource data synchronous detail || show @@datasource.cluster| Report datasource galary cluster variables || show @@processor| Report processor status|| show @@command| Report commands status|| show @@connection | Report connection status|| show @@cache| Report system cache usage|| show @@backend| Report backend connection status|| show @@session| Report front session details || show @@connection.sql| Report connection sql|| show @@sql.execute | Report execute status|| show @@sql.detail where id = ?| Report execute detail status || show @@sql| Report SQL list|| show @@sql.high| Report Hight Frequency SQL|| show @@sql.slow| Report slow SQL|| show @@sql.resultset| Report BIG RESULTSET SQL|| show @@sql.sum| Report User RW Stat|| show @@sql.sum.user| Report User RW Stat|| show @@sql.sum.table| Report Table RW Stat|| show @@parser| Report parser status|| show @@router| Report router status|| show @@heartbeat| Report heartbeat status|| show @@heartbeat.detail where name=?| Report heartbeat current detail|| show @@slow where schema = ?| Report schema slow sql|| show @@slow where datanode = ?| Report datanode slow sql|| show @@sysparam| Report system param|| show @@syslog limit=?| Report system mycat.log|| show @@white| show mycat white host|| show @@white.set=?,?| set mycat white host,[ip,user]|| show @@directmemory=1 or 2| show mycat direct memory usage|| show @@check_global -SCHEMA= ? -TABLE=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency|| switch @@datasource name:index| Switch dataSource|| kill @@connection id1,id2,...| Kill the specified connections|| stop @@heartbeat name:time| Pause dataNode heartbeat|| reload @@config| Reload basic config from file|| reload @@config_all| Reload all config from file || reload @@route| Reload route config from file|| reload @@user| Reload user config from file || reload @@sqlslow= | Set Slow SQL Time(ms)|| reload @@user_stat | Reset show @@sql @@sql.sum @@sql.slow|| rollback @@config | Rollback all config from memory|| rollback @@route| Rollback route config from memory|| rollback @@user| Rollback user config from memory|| reload @@sqlstat=open| Open real-time sql stat analyzer|| reload @@sqlstat=close| Close real-time sql stat analyzer|| offline| Change MyCat status to OFF|| online| Change MyCat status to ON|| clear @@slow where schema = ?| Clear slow sql by schema|| clear @@slow where datanode = ? | Clear slow sql by datanode|+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+59 rows in set (0.16 sec)遇到如下错误：

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修改schema.xml 文件属性checkSQLschema:
遇到如下错误：
jvm 1| Caused by: io.mycat.config.util.ConfigException: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".jvm 1|at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.load(XMLServerLoader.java:111)jvm 1|at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.(XMLServerLoader.java:69)jvm 1|at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLConfigLoader.(XMLConfigLoader.java:56)jvm 1|at io.mycat.config.ConfigInitializer.(ConfigInitializer.java:77)jvm 1|at io.mycat.config.MycatConfig.(MycatConfig.java:72)jvm 1|at io.mycat.MycatServer.(MycatServer.java:144)jvm 1|at io.mycat.MycatServer.(MycatServer.java:96)jvm 1|... 7 morejvm 1| Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".【Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能】请修改server.xml 文件，将user模块的defaultAccount取消：
123456 test最后放一张mycat查询结果截图：

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