文章名称地址ElasticSearch学习(一)——概述前往ElasticSearch学习(二)——索引、文档简单操作前往ElasticSearch学习(三)——Windows 集群部署前往ElasticSearch学习(四)——Linux 单节点部署前往
目录

• 1. 索引操作
• • 1.1 创建索引
  • • 例子：
    • 响应：
  • 1.2 获取索引信息
  • • 1. 获取指定索引信息：
    • • 例子：
    • 2. 获取所有索引信息：
  • 1.3 删除索引
  • • 例子：
    • 响应：
• 2. 文档操作
• • 1.1 创建
  • • 例子：
    • 响应:
    • 指定ID：
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
  • 1.2 查询
  • • 1.2.1主键查询
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.2 全查询
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.3 条件查询
    • • 方法一：
      • 方法二（推荐）：
      • 例子：
      • • 方法一查询：
        • 方法二查询：
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.4 分页查询
    • • 例子
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.5 指定字段查询
    • • 例子
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.6 查询排序
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.7 多条件查询
    • • 例子
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.8 范围查询
    • • 例子
      • 响应
    • 1.2.9 全文检索
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
      • 小结：
    • 1.2.10 完全匹配
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.11 高亮查询
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
    • 1.2.12 聚合查询
    • • 例子-分组：
      • • 响应：
      • 例子-平均值
      • • 响应：
  • 1.3 修改
  • • 1.3.1 全局修改
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
    • 1.3.2 局部修改
    • • 例子：
      • 响应：
  • 1.4 删除
  • • 例子：
    • 响应：
• 3. 映射关系mapping
• • 创建一个user索引
  • 设置index映射信息：
  • 获取index映射信息：
  • 验证映射信息：
  • • 在user中创建一个文档
    • 查询该文档
    • • 根据name查询：
      • 根据sex查询：
      • 根据tel查询：

1. 索引操作 1.1 创建索引 对比关系型数据库，创建索引就是创建数据库
创建索引：
在Postman中发PUT请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name
例子：
响应： {"acknowledged": true, // 响应成功"shards_acknowledged": true,"index": "shoping"}
1.2 获取索引信息 1. 获取指定索引信息： 在Postman中发GET请求：http//127.0.0.1:9200/index_name
例子：
响应：
{"shoping": {"aliases": {},"mappings": {},"settings": {"index": {"routing": {"allocation": {"include": {"_tier_preference": "data_content"}}},"number_of_shards": "1","provided_name": "shoping","creation_date": "1647768782140","number_of_replicas": "1","uuid": "AnHCrE-2SSG45KV5k_TNUQ","version": {"created": "7150299"}}}}} 2. 获取所有索引信息： 在Postman中发GET请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v

• 参数v，详细显示信息

响应如下：

1.3 删除索引 在Postman中发DELETE请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name
例子：
响应：
2. 文档操作 1.1 创建 ElasticSearch中的文档可以类比关系型数据库中的表数据，添加的数据格式为JSON格式 。
在Postman中发起POST请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_doc

_doc并不指定，你创建文档的时候有可以_creat，过去之后仍然是_doc，因为在 ES 7.0 以后的版本 已经废弃文档类型Type了，一个 index 中只有一个默认的 type，即 _doc 。

例子： 请求体内容：
{"title":"小米手机","category":"小米","images":"http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price":3999.00}
响应:

这里只可以发起POST请求，如果发起PUT请求，会响应报错：

指定ID： 上面方法创建成功后会返回一个唯一的ID（这个是es随机生成的）
你可以指定id，当你指定了id之后，ElasticSearch就不会再自动生成了
在Postman中发起POST请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_doc/id
例子：
响应： {"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1001","_version": 1,"result": "created","_shards": {"total": 2,"successful": 1,"failed": 0},"_seq_no": 1,"_primary_term": 1} 1.2 查询 1.2.1主键查询 在Postman中发起GET请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_doc/id
文档创建成功后会返回一个唯一的id（ElasticSearch随机生成的，也可以是你指定的）
例子： 1001是上面创建时指定的id 。
响应： {"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1001","_version": 3,"_seq_no": 3,"_primary_term": 1,"found": true,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}}

如果查询的文档id不存在：
响应：
{ "_index": "shopping", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "2001", "found": false}

1.2.2 全查询 查询所有index中所有文档：
在Postman中发起GET请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
例子：
响应： {"took": 4,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 2,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 1.0,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "TYu9pn8BfWqG58AR7Mzw","_score": 1.0,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1001","_score": 1.0,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}}]}} 1.2.3 条件查询

1. 方法一： 在Postman中发起GET请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search?q=param:value
   

但是在请求路径中添加额外的参数是比较麻烦的，而且这里的中文在请求路径中是容易出现乱码的，所以一般会调整为通过请求体来传递参数 。

2. 方法二（推荐）： 在Postman中发起GET请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
   请求体方式：
   {"query":{ // query:查询"match":{ // match:全文检索匹配(1.2.9有详细讲)"field1":"value1"}}} {"query":{ // query:查询"match_all":{ // match_all:全匹配}}}

例子： 查询category字段为小米的文档
方法一查询：
方法二查询：
请求体：
{"query":{"match":{"category":"小米"}}} 响应： {"took": 44,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 4,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 0.21072102,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "TYu9pn8BfWqG58AR7Mzw","_score": 0.21072102,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1001","_score": 0.21072102,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1002","_score": 0.21072102,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1003","_score": 0.21072102,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}}]}} 1.2.4 分页查询 上述条件查询可以通过这样匹配到全部文档：
{"query":{ // query:查询"match_all":{ // match_all:全匹配}}} 但是这样查询数量量太多了，而我们只需要一部分数据，怎么办，一般我们我们会采用分页查询，这个时候我们的请求体内容就需要修改:
在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
请求体：
{"query":{ // query:查询"match_all":{ // match_all:全匹配}},"from": 0, // 起始页"size": 1 // 每页文档数} 例子
请求体：
{"query":{"match_all":{}},"from": 0,"size": 1} 响应： {"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 4,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 1.0,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "TYu9pn8BfWqG58AR7Mzw","_score": 1.0,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}}]}} 1.2.5 指定字段查询 但是感觉_source 里的字段有很多都是没啥用的，就可以通过指定字段来查询：
在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
请求体：
{"query":{"match_all":{}},"from": 0,"size": 1,"_source":["field1","field2"] // 想要的字段} 例子 只要文档的title字段
请求体：
{"query":{"match_all":{}},"from": 0,"size": 1,"_source":["title"]} 响应： {"took": 5,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 4,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 1.0,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "TYu9pn8BfWqG58AR7Mzw","_score": 1.0,"_source": {"title": "小米手机" // 只有title字段}}]}} 1.2.6 查询排序 在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
请求体：
{"query":{"match_all":{}},"sort":{"field":{"order":"desc" // desc:降序 || asc:升序}}} 例子： 根据price价格进行升序排序：
请求体：
{"query":{"match_all":{}},"_source":["price"],"sort":{"price":{"order":"asc"}}} 响应： {"took": 3,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 6,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": null,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1004","_score": null,"_source": {"price": 3000.0},"sort": [3000.0]},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "TYu9pn8BfWqG58AR7Mzw","_score": null,"_source": {"price": 3999.0},"sort": [3999.0]},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1001","_score": null,"_source": {"price": 3999.0},"sort": [3999.0]},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1002","_score": null,"_source": {"price": 3999.0},"sort": [3999.0]},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1003","_score": null,"_source": {"price": 3999.0},"sort": [3999.0]},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1005","_score": null,"_source": {"price": 20000.0},"sort": [20000.0]}]}} 1.2.7 多条件查询 在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
{"query":{"bool":{ // 多条件查询的话，需要参数bool"must":[// must:多个提交件必须同时成立 相当于and, should: 多条件不要求同时成立 相当于or{ // 花括号中就是匹配规则，一个规则一对花括号"match":{"field1":"value1"}},{"match":{"field2":value2}}]}}} 例子 查询category为小米，且价格为3999.00 的文档：
请求体：
{"query":{"bool":{ // 多条件查询的话，需要参数bool"must":[// must:多个提交件必须同时成立{ // 花括号中就是匹配规则，一个规则一对花括号"match":{"category":"小米"}},{"match":{"price":3999.00}}]}}} 响应： {"took": 13,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 4,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 1.1290771,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "TYu9pn8BfWqG58AR7Mzw","_score": 1.1290771,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1001","_score": 1.1290771,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1002","_score": 1.1290771,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1003","_score": 1.1290771,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}}]}} 1.2.8 范围查询 在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
请求体：

注意：
这个范围是在你 多条件查询 后结果的基础上进一步查找

{"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"match":{"field1":"value1"}},{"match":{"field2":value2}}],"filter":{ // 过滤"range":{ // 范围"field":{"条件运算符": range // eg: gt:5000 大于5000的}}}}}} 例子 查询华为手机或者苹果手机价格大于5000的文档：
请求体：
{"query":{"bool":{"should":[{"match":{"category":"HuaWei"}},{"match":{"category":"Apple"}}],"filter":{ // 过滤"range":{ // 范围"price":{"gt": 5000}}}}}} 响应 {"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 2,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 1.4417952,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1001","_score": 1.4417952,"_source": {"title": "苹果手机","category": "Apple","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 6599.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1006","_score": 1.0630683,"_source": {"title": "华为手机","category": "HuaWei","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 44999.00}}]}} 1.2.9 全文检索 回到上面的条件查询，
{"query":{"match":{"category":"米"}}} 上面这个条件仍然会匹配到category字段为小米的数据，这是因为：
当保存文档数据的时候，ElasticSearch会将数据文字进行分词、拆解操作，并将拆解后的数据保存到倒排索引中去，因此，即使只使用文字的一部分，仍然可以查询到数据，这种方式我们称之为全文检索，而且ElasticSearch对查询内容同样会进行分词，在倒排索引中进行匹配 。
例子： 全文检索"小华"
http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
请求体：
{"query":{"match":{"title":"小华"}}} 响应： {"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 6,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 0.9444616,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1005","_score": 0.9444616,"_source": {"title": "华为手机","category": "HuaWei","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 5000.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1006","_score": 0.9444616,"_source": {"title": "华为手机","category": "HuaWei","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 44999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1007","_score": 0.9444616,"_source": {"title": "华为手机","category": "HuaWei","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3645.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "TYu9pn8BfWqG58AR7Mzw","_score": 0.9444616,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1004","_score": 0.9444616,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3000.00}},{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1003","_score": 0.9444616,"_source": {"title": "小米手机","category": "小米","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 3999.00}}]}} 小结： 可以看到 你查询的条件是"title":"小华"，但是却查询到了小米和华为，这就是因为ES对查询内容进行了分词，分成了小、华对倒排索引进行了匹配，从而匹配到了小米和华为 。
1.2.10 完全匹配 由1.2.9全文检索可以看出，你在1.2.3条件匹配的方式并不是完全匹配的 。
在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
请求体：
{"query":{"match_phrase":{ // 完全匹配"field":"value"}}} 例子： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
请求体：
{"query":{"match_phrase":{ // 完全匹配"title":"小华"}}} 响应： {"took": 9,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 0,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": null,"hits": []}} 1.2.11 高亮查询 在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/index_name/_search
请求体：
{"query":{"match_phrase":{ // 完全匹配"field":"value"}},"highlight":{"fields":{"title":{}}}} 例子： 在Postman中发起GET请求，携带请求体：http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
请求体：
{"query":{"match_phrase":{ // 完全匹配"title":"华为手机"}},"highlight":{ // 高亮显示"fields":{"title":{}}}} 响应： {"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 1,"successful": 1,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": {"value": 3,"relation": "eq"},"max_score": 2.00324,"hits": [{"_index": "shopping","_type": "_doc","_id": "1005","_score": 2.00324,"_source": {"title": "华为手机","category": "HuaWei","images": "http://www.kaotop.com/file/tupian/20220330/xm.jpg","price": 5000.00},"highlight": {"title": ["

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