词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了

一分钟视频速览全文
近日,《柯林斯词典》宣布“封锁”(lockdown)一词成为2020年度词汇。
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by Collins Dictionary.
2020年改变了太多人生活的“封锁”被选为《柯林斯词典》的年度词汇。
Lockdown is defined by Collins as “the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces”, and its usage has boomed over the last year.
《柯林斯词典》将“封锁”定义为“对旅行、社交互动和公共空间出入实施严格限制”,该词的使用量在过去一年间飙升。
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
柯林斯语料库拥有45亿个词,素材来自网站、书籍、报纸等书面材料以及广播、电视和谈话的口语材料。该语料库的记录显示,“封锁”的使用量增加了6000%。
The 4.5bn-word Collins Corpus, which contains written material from websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio, television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in its usage.
2019年,语料库记载了4000个使用“封锁”的例子。2020年,使用“封锁”一词的例子暴增至逾25万个。
In 2019, there were 4,000 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020, this had soared to more than a quarter of a million.
《柯林斯词典》的语言内容顾问海伦·纽斯特德说:
"Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic. We have chosen lockdown as our word of the year because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict their daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialise. With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world.”
“语言反映了我们周边的世界,2020年是被全球疫情主宰的一年。我们选择‘封锁’作为今年的年度词汇,因为它概括了数十亿人被迫限制日常生活以防控病毒蔓延的共同经历。封锁影响了我们工作、学习、购物和社交的方式。如今许多国家都进入了第二轮封锁,这不是一个值得庆贺的年度词汇,但也许这个词能概括世界上大多数人的这一年。”
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
但在今年年初,武汉刚刚开始进行封城的时候,“lockdown”这个词可谓触到了西方媒体敏感的神经。如果你去浏览当时各大西方新闻网站,满屏的“human rights abuse”(践踏人权),“violate human rights”(侵犯人权),甚至有媒体将这种抗疫行为称为“arbitrary detention”(无理拘禁)。
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
《卫报》2月2日报道:中国应对疫情的措施侵犯了人权
但随着疫情在西方国家的失控,封锁被认为是行之有效的抗疫方案,也逐渐成为数十亿人防控病毒蔓延的共同经历。西方媒体,也如同集体失忆了一般,报道着欧美国家一波波的封锁措施。
随着欧洲第二波疫情告急,很多国家都进入第二轮封锁。
毕竟,在致命的流行病面前,人民的生命和健康才是最大的人权。
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
除了封锁(lockdown)以外,冠状病毒(coronavirus)、保持社交距离(social distancing)、自我隔离(self-isolate)和强制休假(furlough)等其他疫情相关词汇也入选了《柯林斯词典》的年度十大词汇。
So was the term key worker. According to Collins, key worker saw a 60-fold increase in usage over the last year, which reflects “the importance attributed this year to professions considered to be essential to society”.
同样入选的还有关键岗位工作人员。据《柯林斯词典》介绍,关键岗位工作人员的使用量在过去一年增加了60倍,反映出“今年对社会必不可少的职业的重视”。
“黑人的命也是命”(Black Lives Matter)的缩写BLM也跻身年度十大词汇。
Defined by Collins as “a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression”, BLM registered a 581% increase in usage.
《柯林斯词典》将BLM定义为“反对种族暴力和压迫的运动”,数据显示,该词的使用量增加了581%。
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
《柯林斯词典》先前的年度词汇包括2019年的“气候罢工”(climate strike)、2018年的“一次性使用”(single-use)、2017年的“假新闻”(fake news)和2016年的“英国脱欧”(Brexit)。
今年的年度十大词汇还包括“梅根脱离王室”(Megxit)。
This year the top 10 included the word Megxit, defined as “the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties, announced in January 2020”. Collins said the informal noun, modelled on Brexit, showed “just how firmly established that word now is in our lexicon”.
今年的年度十大词汇还包括“梅根脱离王室”,该词被定义为“萨塞克斯公爵与公爵夫人2020年1月宣布退出王室职务”。《柯林斯词典》表示,这个仿照“英国脱欧”造出的非正式名词显示出“英国脱欧一词在英国词汇中的地位是多么稳固”。
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
来看看《柯林斯词典》其他年度词汇的权威定义:
coronavirus
冠状病毒
Any one of a group of RNA-containing viruses that can cause infectious illnesses of the respiratory tract, including COVID-19. So called because of their crown-like appearance in electron micrographs.
任何导致呼吸道传染病的RNA病毒,包括新冠病毒在内。之所以被称为冠状是因为这种病毒在电子显微图中看起来形似王冠。
furlough
强制休假
A temporary laying-off of employees, usually because there is insufficient work to occupy them;
员工被暂时解雇,通常是因为现有的工作量不需要这么多人手。
(Verb) to lay off (staff) temporarily.
也可作动词使用,意思是暂时辞退员工。
From Dutch verlof, from ver (for) and lof (leave); related to Swedish f?rlof.
该词源于荷兰语中的verlof,ver相当于英语中的for,lof是休假的意思,和瑞典语中的f?rlof也有关联。
key worker or keyworker
关键岗位员工
An employee in any of a number of professions considered to be essential to the functioning of society, for example teachers, police officers, health workers, shop workers, etc.
对社会运行至关重要的若干职业的员工,比如教师、警察、医护人员、商店店员等。
Megxit
梅根退出王室
The withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties, announced in January 2020. From Meg(han), Duchess of Sussex and (e)xit; influenced by Brexit.
萨塞克斯公爵与公爵夫人于2020年1月宣布退出王室职务。该词受“英国脱欧”一词的影响,由萨塞克斯公爵夫人梅根名字的头三个字母和退出英文的后三个字母组成。
mukbang
吃播
a video or webcast in which the host eats a large quantity of food for the entertainment of viewers. From meogneun (eating) and bangsong (broadcast).
主播为了娱乐观众而在视频或网络直播中吃进大量食物。“吃播”一词由韩语meogneun(吃)和bangsong(播出)组合而成。
self-isolate
自我隔离
To quarantine oneself if one has or suspects one has a contagious disease.
在某人确诊或疑似有传染病时自我隔离。
social distancing
保持社交距离
The practice of maintaining a certain distance between oneself and other people in order to prevent infection with a disease. Also called: physical distancing.
为防止感染疾病而在自己和他人之间保持一定距离的做法。也可以用physical distancing来表达。
TikToker
抖友
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了】A person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok.
经常分享或出现在抖音视频中的人。
视频:李雪晴
编辑:陈丹妮 李雪晴 左卓
来源:卫报
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
转一转
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
赞一赞
词典|“Lockdown”成为《柯林斯词典》年度词汇,“吃播”和“抖友”也上榜了
文章插图
看一看